Can Side Dominance Predict Injury Probability in Runners?

Side dominance, also known as limb asymmetry, can elevate the risk of injury in runners by creating uneven loading patterns, muscular imbalances, and compensatory movement strategies. These conditions may predispose individuals to injuries such as shin splints and tendinitis, particularly when limb asymmetries exceed 10–15%. Although research findings are variable, factors such as training practices, fatigue, and physiological adaptation further influence injury risk.

How Side Dominance Contributes to Injury

Uneven Loading: The dominant limb is subjected to increased mechanical stress, potentially impacting both sides of the body.

Muscle Imbalance: Disparities in strength, notably in hip abductors, can undermine joint stability.

Compensatory Movements: Changes in gait mechanics may result in the overuse of specific muscles or joints.

Types of Injuries

Knee Pain: Inadequate hip strength may lead to excessive knee movement during activity.

Hamstring Strains: Variations in limb contact times are associated with a higher risk of hamstring injuries.

Overuse Injuries: Repetitive compensation imposes chronic stress on various tissues.

Risk Factors

Degree of Asymmetry: Limb differences exceeding 10–15% present higher risk.

Fatigue: Often reveals underlying asymmetries.

Type of Activity: Endurance sports tend to magnify even minor asymmetries.

Summary

Evaluating side dominance and limb asymmetry is essential for identifying injury risks among runners, as factors such as imbalance, fatigue, and activity type all contribute significantly. Conducting a gait analysis during your off season will provide valuable insights into addressing these imbalances through targeted strength training programs.